Bilateral and Symmetrical Lesions in the Basal Ganglia Associated With Metabolic Acidosis in a Patient With a History of Alcohol Addiction: A Case Report.

Metabolic acidosis is defined as a pathologic process that, when unopposed, increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in the body and reduces the concentration of HCO3. Methanol poisoning is an important cause of metabolic acidosis. Methanol and ethylene glycol poisonings cause scores of fatal intoxications annually, and even relatively small ingestions of these alcohols can produce significant toxicity. Neuroimaging findings are very suggestive and help in the diagnosis even before the measurement of serum methanol (when available at the health service). Rapid recognition and early treatment, including alcohol dehydrogenase inhibition, are crucial. In this sense, some studies question that many intoxications by different chemical agents (in addition to methanol and ethylene glycol) generate a conglomeration of neuroimaging findings that summarily reflect the presence of metabolic acidosis. Therefore, in this article, we discuss the imaging findings of metabolic acidosis, methanol poisoning, and their main differential diagnoses in neuroimaging, directing earlier diagnostic reasoning in order to initiate the most appropriate treatment promptly.

Persistence of picloram in soil with different vegetation managements.

Herbicides with long residual period may increase the risk of environmental contamination. Adequate management of forage can reduce the half-life of the picloram, one of the most herbicides used in weed control. This study aims to determine the half-life of picloram, using high-performance liquid chromatography in a cultivated soil with Brachiaria brizantha trimmed or not. Brachiaria brizantha was cultivated in 60 pots filled with samples of oxisol, and 30 others were kept uncultivated with this forage. This plant was cut off close to the ground, after 60 days of emergency on 30 vessels. Picloram was applied in all of the plots. Soil samples were collected at 2, 16, 30, 44, 58, 72, 86, 120, 150, and 180 days after the application of this herbicide. These samples were air-dried and stored at - 20 °C. Picloram was extracted by HPLC/UV-Vis detector. Half-life of this herbicide was calculated using kinetics models. The mere presence of roots in treatment with signalgrass cutoff did not reduce the concentrations of this herbicide, except when the emergence of new leaves occurred. The absence of B. brizantha cultivation in areas with application of picloram increases the risk of environmental contamination and successive crops due to the half-life of this herbicide. Brachiaria brizantha reduced half-life picloram and environmental risk in pastures. The validation method is suitable for determining picloram in low concentrations in soil.

Residual tembotrione and atrazine in carrot.

Carrot (Daucus carota L.) is a vegetable crop that is grown throughout the year across various regions of Brazil in rotation or in succession to other cultures. Herbicide residual effect has emerged as a concern, because of the possibility of carryover. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of tembotrione and atrazine residues - in mixture and isolated - on carrot planted in succession to corn. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks with five replications. Treatments consisted of tembotrione (50.4 g ha(-1)), tembotrione (100.8 g ha(-1)), tembotrione + atrazine (50.4 g ha(-1)+ 2 L ha(-1)), tembotrione + atrazine (100.8 g ha(-1)+ 2 L ha(-1)), and atrazine (2.00 L ha(-1)) applied eight months before carrot seeding, plus a control treatment with no herbicide application. Investigated variables were shoot dry mass, productivity, and classification of carrot roots. The presence of atrazine and tembotrione decreased dry mass in the area, and only tembotrione reduced total root productivity. Thus, there is a carryover effect to tembotrione application that reduces the dry matter accumulation of shoot and total productivity, and an atrazine + tembotrione (100.8 g ha(-1)) mixture reduces the total productivity after application of these herbicides to soil.